BCH190 The Way We Work With Life
Study Guide Quiz 05, 2006

1. Jean-Baptist Lamarck thought for giraffes that by stretching their necks for leaves higher in trees that this characteristic would be passed on to the offspring of those giraffes. Lamarck, therefore


2. Specialized proteins embedded in cell membranes which receive and transmit chemical messages are referred to as


3. Salvidor Luria asked whether bacteria evolve like other organisms. Do Darwinian principles apply to bacteria; or are they more subject to environment? Using a brilliant experimental design involving virus resistance in bacteria he was able to clearly demonstrate what phenomenon?


4. In photosynthesis, chlorophyll molecules act as solar antennae, so that when sunlight strikes them their electrons are excited to a higher energy state which eventually results it the splitting of water (H2O). The hydrogen ions from the splitting of H2O form a gradient that drives the chemical synthesis of ATP. The energy stored in ATP is then used to make what compound?


5. A protein that binds to a site on DNA next to a gene and blocks the transcription of that gene, thus preventing the synthesis of a protein that the gene encodes is known as a


6. What are regulatory processes in which there are signals indicating "too much" or "too little" which result in a correction to the processes?


7. The historical evolutionary relationship between a group of related organisms is known as its:


8. The subject of evolution is controversial because:


9. Birds did not evolve feathers in order to fly… anymore than they evolved feathers to fill your down comforter. Elephants did not assume their charming appearances to become circus performers. These characteristics occur as a result of variation in DNA across a population and a selection for functionality. The process of biological change therefore, can not be purposive. This indicates that


10. The shape-changing capacity of enzymes that allows them to turn chemical processes on and off is called:


11. What are small molecules released by one organism which fit receptor sites in a similar organism, triggering an alteration in its chemistry and/or behavior?


12. Biological feedback loops occur


13. Variation in a population can be selected for by various pressures including:


14. The process of evolution in biological organisms involves


15. Ken Miller


16. In 1630 a Belgian named Jean Baptista van Helmont did an interesting experiment. He planted a small 5lbs tree in a 200 lbs pot of soil and after five years the tree weighed 170 lbs and the pot of soil weighed 199 lbs. From what source did the tree gain most of the weight?


17. Evolution is:

18. The process of breaking down sugars in the mitochondria, to make chemical energy in the form of ATP, gives off CO2 and is called


19. Charles Darwin reached following conclusions (1) Variation exists in natural populations. (2) Many more offspring are born each season than can possibly survive to maturity. (3) As a result, there is a struggle for existence. (4) Characteristics beneficial in the struggle for existence will tend to become more common in the population, changing the characteristics of a species. (5) Over time, and given a steady input of new variation into a population, these processes lead to the emergence of new species. These conclusions, from the Origin of Species, was coupled with